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RE: [cdn-nucl-l] RE: [Rad_Sci_Health] Climate Change and Nuclear Energy: A View from MIT's Kerry Emanuel



Dear Jaro:

    Very interesting indeed, including the clear recognition in1978 of the potential role of breeder reactors (file MARCHETTI-076.pdf.).  Thanks.

    A global population of 10^12 people fits in between columns 3 & 4 of the table below, at 66.7 people per hectare of land area.  The time to get there from here would range from 255 years at a growth rate of 2% to 2,520 years at 0.2%.

    It's a good thing that limit is still a few years off -- the implied cultural and sociological changes are mind-boggling.  A well-coordinated global government (democratic?) would seem to be necessary. One wonders, of course, about social stability when you have millions of people collected at close quarters in a 3-D structure.  For one thing, horrendous acts of terrorism would seem possible, and even attractive to an inevitable fringe..

    But our more immediate challenge will be remaining intact as we approach and pass 1 person per hectare (pop. 15 billion), which will happen perhaps within the next century, and certainly within the next two centuries unless we can keep the average growth rate .for the next 200 years below 0.42%.  According to the Census Bureau's projections, the average growth rate between now and 2050 is twice that (< http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldpop.html>).

        Cheers,

                 George

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At 07:56 PM 3/24/2007, Jaro wrote:

Dear George,
 
I thought you might find the attached pdf document interesting....
 
Regards,

 Jaro
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-----Original Message-----
From: cdn-nucl-l-admin@mailman1.cis.McMaster.CA [ mailto:cdn-nucl-l-admin@mailman1.cis.McMaster.CA]On Behalf Of George Stanford
Sent: Saturday, March 24, 2007 8:04 PM
To: Dan Meneley
Cc: cdn-nucl-l@mailman1.cis.McMaster.CA
Subject: Re: [cdn-nucl-l] RE: [Rad_Sci_Health] Climate Change and Nuclear Energy: A View from MIT's Kerry Emanuel

Dan:
        Right on!
         Regarding population, Rod Adams raises an important point when he says, "Whenever I hear that, my skin begins to get a bit itchy. Who do you think is qualified to begin selecting the people who get to stay and those who have to leave? Who gets to choose who has children and how many they have?"  The fact is, however, that SOMETHING WILL limit the population growth rate to zero or below, sooner or later.  Let's hope that the "something" is reduced family size in response to increasing standards of living (made possible by nuclear power, of course), rather than continued and expanding wars, pestilence, and starvation.  Fortunately, as Randal Leavitt points out, there are signs that the population trend is in the right direction.  But is it fast enough?
        Here's a calculation (not particularly original) that anyone can do with a financial calculator.  Assume: (a) a population growth rate and (b) a value for the earth's carrying capacity, in people per hectare of land (including farms & forests, etc), and calculate the time to reach that limit.  If anyone finds an error in the calculations below, please speak up.

Basic data:
Current population growth rate (2006): 1.17% per year
     Growth rate extrapolated to 2049 by U.S. Census bureau: 0.49% / yr
1 hectare = 10,000 m^2 = ~2.5 acres
Global land area:  148.94 million sq km = 1.5E14 m^2 (including the arctic and antarctic) = 1.5E10 hectares
Global population:  6,525,170,264 (July 2006 est.)—say 6.5E9
Current population density: 1.5E10 / 6.5E9 = 2.3 hectares/person = 0.43 people / hectare = 0.17 people/acre
That's a current 5.7 acres per person, including the person's share of land for farm, forest, desert, ice, and permafrost.
Thus the last column in the following table assumes 40 people per acre of global land area -- which would be quite a technological leap from today's 0.17 people per acre. 
        I wonder what it would take to provide a decent standard of living to more than 1 person per hectare of land area, since today we're not doing very well with fewer than half that many people..

Assumed  Years to reach    Years to reach   Years to reach
growth   1 person per      10 people per    100 people per
rate,       hectare           hectare          hectare
%/yr    (0.4 people/acre)  (4 people/acre)  (40 people/acre)
  2.0         43                159               275
  1.5         57                211               366
  1.0         85                316               547
  0.5        168                630              1091
  0.2        419               1571              2724

(I hope the table retains enough formatting to be legible.)
        The concentration of population in urban areas will continue to increase as long as the population continues to grow.
                 Cheers,
                          George
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At 07:57 AM 3/24/2007, Dan Meneley wrote:
Charles Pennington says it well.
Here is my tuppence:  In the short term, whether or not climate change is anthropogenic, we must do something to rebalance our energy demand with the supply.  Uranium energy is one of the solutions -- in fact, I think, the most important one. 
However, taking over a steadily increasing load  from the oil and gas industry (for whatever reason) is an enormous task.  I say that we should encourage  every alternative energy source, and every conservation measure, that can pass the various acceptability tests.  If we do this then we just might make it through the next century without massive hardship.   We have no time for recrimination.
The lead countries in moving away from fossil fuels and toward cleaner alternatives must be those whose citizens can afford to change.   We can  hope that oil and gas will, with a steadily decreasing demand, then become cheap enough that those who cannot afford to change can at least afford to live.
Along the way we must also deal with the fundamental problem of excessive human population.  That will keep us busy indeed.
Regards
Dan

c:\eudora g\attach\MARCHETTI-076.pdf
 MARCHETTI-076.pdf